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A barcode says what a product is. It does not say which one, where it came from or what has happened to it — and almost every question worth asking about a specific item needs that distinction.
A GTIN identifies a product line. Unit-level identity identifies this one, which is what recall scoping, warranty, resale provenance and counterfeit detection all actually require.
Each of these is impossible with product-level identity alone and straightforward with unit-level identity.
A history that begins when somebody decides to resell has a gap exactly where the authenticity question lives. Unit identity is assigned at manufacture or first sale, or it is worth substantially less.
Designed, not built. The append-only event log is the right substrate for an item history and exists today; unit-level identity and the scan surface do not.