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Electronic Data Interchange is how large retailers exchange orders, shipping notices and invoices. It is decades old, rigidly formatted, and non-negotiable — most major retailers will not onboard a supplier who cannot trade documents this way.
A handful of transaction sets cover almost all wholesale trade, each with a number nobody outside the field would guess.
An 856 must accurately describe what is in which carton on which pallet, and it must arrive before the goods. A wrong or late ASN is among the most common and most expensive retail chargebacks, and it is entirely avoidable.
The standard is a standard and each retailer maps it differently. Their vendor guide specifies which segments are required, which codes are accepted and what the timing windows are — and it is the actual specification, not the standard.
The protocol holds the order data these documents are built from and records what was sent. Connecting to a specific retailer's network is a per-retailer integration, and where one is not built the page says so rather than implying coverage.