LATAM
ON PROTOCOL.

Electronic invoicing is mandatory, not optional

Mexico has CFDI, Brazil has NFe, Chile, Argentina, Colombia and Peru all run their own. These are not receipts — they are tax filings, stamped by an authorised provider using your own digital certificate, and without one your buyer cannot deduct the purchase.

• Mexico — CFDI 4.0, stamped by a PAC using your CSD
• Brazil — NFe, required for effectively all B2B movement
• The invoice IS the tax record; the authority already has it when you file

GRAJ computes Mexican IVA and cannot issue the invoice

The protocol calculates 16% IVA, validates RFC shape for both parties and records the decision. It cannot stamp a CFDI, because stamping requires your private digital seal and your own contract with an authorised provider. That boundary is stated on every Mexican order rather than glossed.

• IVA is federal and identical in every Mexican state
• The reduced 8% border rate needs SAT authorisation and is never applied automatically
• Issue the CFDI through your PAC or your accountant

Blocs that actually change duty

Mercosur and the Pacific Alliance are the two groupings that materially affect what a shipment costs. Membership determines whether goods move at preferential rates, and preferential treatment always requires proof of origin rather than a claim of it.

• Mercosur — Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
• Pacific Alliance — Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru

Payment and currency

Several markets have currency controls or dual exchange rates that make the price you agreed and the amount you receive different numbers. Agreeing settlement currency explicitly, in the terms, is worth more than negotiating a point of margin.